Summary
Ebenezer Scrooge is a wealthy but miserly businessman who rejects generosity and human connection. On Christmas Eve, he is visited first by the ghost of Jacob Marley and then by three spirits who show him scenes from his past, present and possible future. Confronted with the consequences of his choices, Scrooge changes his behaviour and becomes generous, sociable and attentive to others.
Key ideas
Redemption
Scrooge demonstrates that moral change remains possible.
Social responsibility
Dickens links personal generosity with wider concerns about poverty and neglect.
Memory
The past helps Scrooge understand how he became emotionally isolated.
Community
Human connection is presented as a richer form of wealth than money alone.
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Editorial note
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